Antifungals

Question 1 of 25

1. Question

1 point(s)

Unlike mammalian cell membranes, which contain cholesterol, fungal membranes contain________

Ergosterol
Triglyecerides
Fatty acids

Question 2 of 25

2. Question

1 point(s)

What is the mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?

Binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal membranes
Binds to the fungal cell wall and disrupts the structural integrity
Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol
Inhibits the synthesis of beta-glucans in the cell wall

Question 3 of 25

3. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following best reflects oral bioavailability of amphotericin B?

It is well absorbed and has excellent oral bioavailability
It has poor oral absorption and must be delivered by IV
It is well absorbed orally but has poor bioavailability due to first pass effect

Question 4 of 25

4. Question

1 point(s)

What is the coverage spectrum of Amphotericin B like?

Broad spectrum with activity against most fungal species
Excellent activity against Candida and Aspergillus but not much coverage of other species
Covers most systemic fungal species except Candida and Aspergillus

Question 5 of 25

5. Question

1 point(s)

How is amphotericin B used for CNS infections, if necessary?

It cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier and must be delivered intrathecally
It penetrates the blood brain barrier quite well, and IV delivery is sufficient
It has no effect on species that are involved in CNS infections

Question 6 of 25

6. Question

1 point(s)

The adverse effect of major concern that is associated with amphotericin B is:

Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
CNS toxicity
Bone marrow suppression

Question 7 of 25

7. Question

1 point(s)

The likelihood of irreversible tubular injury increases sharply when the cumulative dose reaches:

4 g
4 mg
40 g
40 mg

Question 8 of 25

8. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following is the major advantage of the liposomal formulation of Amphotericin B (Ambisome)?

Reduced risk of nephrotoxicity
Increased oral absorption
Increased spectrum of coverage
CSF penetration

Question 9 of 25

9. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of azole antifungals?

Inhibit 14-demethylase, which catalyzes a critical step in ergosterol biosynthesis
Inhibits squalene epoxidase, which catalyzes a critical step in lanosterol synthesis
Bind to ergosterol within the fungal cell membranes

Question 10 of 25

10. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following structurally differentiates ketoconazole from other azoles?

Ketoconazole contains an imidazole ring whereas others contain a triazole ring
Ketoconazole contains a triazole ring whereas others contain an imidazole ring
Ketoconazole contains a tetrazole ring whereas others contain an imidazole ring
Ketoconazole contains an imidazole ring whereas others contain a tetrazole ring

Question 11 of 25

11. Question

1 point(s)

In presence of azoles______

Fungal cell membranes will be more permeable and lack the structural integrity needed for proper function
Fungal cell wall will lack the structural integrity for proper function
Fungal protein synthesis will be inhibited

Question 12 of 25

12. Question

1 point(s)

Why are you unlikely to see an oral dose of Ketoconazole?

It has a narrow therapeutic range due to significant toxicity
It is not orally bioavailable
It is used mostly as an intravenous drug

Question 13 of 25

13. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Itraconazole?

The liquid form should be taken on an empty stomach while the solid form should be taken with food and a cola drink
The solid form should be taken on an empty stomach while the liquid should be taken with food and a cola drink
Itraconazole has better CSF penetration than other azoles
Itraconazole has limited oral bioavailability and is delivered intravenously

Question 14 of 25

14. Question

1 point(s)

Utmost caution should be exercised before using Itraconazole in this patient:

A patient with cardiovascular disease
A patient with diabetes
An HIV positive patient
An epileptic patient

Question 15 of 25

15. Question

1 point(s)

In this given structure of fluconazole, what is the functional consequence of including the fluorine?

Increased CSF penetration
Increased coverage that includes Aspergillus
Decreased oral absorption

Question 16 of 25

16. Question

1 point(s)

How does the coverage of Voriconazole differ from that of Fluconazole?

It covers Aspergillus whereas Fluconazole does not
Fluconazole covers Aspergillus, whereas Voriconazole does not
Unlike Fluconazole, Voriconazole is useful for treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis

Question 17 of 25

17. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following best describes the elimination of Voriconazole?

It is metabolized mainly by CYP2C19
It is metabolized mainly by CYP3A4
It is mainly eliminated unchanged by the renal route
It is mainly eliminated unchanged by the biliary route

Question 18 of 25

18. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following is the most common concern when it comes to the adverse effects of Voriconazole?

Visual disturbances
QT prolongation
Hepatitis

Question 19 of 25

19. Question

1 point(s)

What is the functional significance of the indicated tetrahydrofuran ring in the structure of Posaconazole?

Increased coverage spectrum that more reliably covers Aspergillus
Better oral absorption than fluconazole even at high pH at empty stomach
It is not metabolized and is eliminated unchanged by the renal route

Question 20 of 25

20. Question

1 point(s)

Oral absorption of Posaconazole is:

Best when taken with food and a cola drink
Best when taken on an empty stomach
Minimal and oral drug is not available

Question 21 of 25

21. Question

1 point(s)

Which of the following accurately describes the elimination of Posaconazole?

Undergoes extensive Phase-II metabolism in the liver
Is metabolized by CYP3A4
Is eliminated renally unchanged
Is eliminated through the biliary roue unchanged

Question 22 of 25

22. Question

1 point(s)

What is the mechanism of action of Echinocandins?

Inhibits synthesis of beta-glucans of the fungal cell wall
Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis
Binds to beta-glucans within the cell wall
Inhibits fungal protein synthesis

Question 23 of 25

23. Question

1 point(s)

Echinocandins are used mostly for the treatment of:

Candida and Aspergillus
Histoplasma and Mucormycosis
Cryptococcus meningitis
Onychomycoses

Question 24 of 25

24. Question

1 point(s)

Echinocandins are orally bioavailable:

False
True

Question 25 of 25

25. Question

1 point(s)

Griseofulvin is used for the treatment of:

Dermatophytes
Candida
Mucormycosis
Histoplasma

Antifungals

Antifungals

Antifungals

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